Evidence and References
The information presented throughout the Facial Ageing Resource Centre is informed by published anatomical, ageing, and facial rejuvenation research. While individual treatment recommendations require a personalised medical consultation, these articles are based on current understanding of facial anatomy, skin biology, soft tissue ageing, and skeletal remodelling.
Key references include:
1. Rohrich RJ, Pessa JE. The Fat Compartments of the Face: Anatomy and Clinical Implications for Cosmetic Surgery. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2007. Described the compartmentalised nature of facial fat and its role in facial ageing. ([PubMed][1])
2. Mendelson B, Wong CH. Changes in the Facial Skeleton With Aging: Implications and Clinical Applications in Facial Rejuvenation. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 2012. Demonstrated the importance of age-related bone resorption in facial ageing. ([PubMed][2])
3. Wong CH. Aging Changes in the Craniofacial Skeleton and Facial Fat Compartments. Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America. 2015. Review of skeletal remodelling and soft tissue changes that contribute to facial ageing. ([PubMed][3])
4. Wan D, Amirlak B, Rohrich RJ, Davis K. The Clinical Importance of the Fat Compartments in Midfacial Aging. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2014. Reviewed the relationship between facial fat compartments and age-related volume changes. ([PMC][4])
5. Lambros V. Observations on Periorbital and Midface Aging. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2007. Influential photographic analysis challenging traditional assumptions regarding facial descent and ageing. ([Wiley Online Library][5])
6. Stuzin JM. The Facial Fat Compartments Revisited: Clinical Relevance to Aging and Facial Rejuvenation. Clinics in Plastic Surgery. 2019. Contemporary review of facial fat compartment anatomy and ageing. ([Scholarship Miami][6])
7. Mendelson BC, Wong CH. Changes in the Facial Skeleton with Aging. Updated review of skeletal ageing and its implications for facial rejuvenation. ([Springer Link][7])
8. Walczak A et al. Insight into Age-Related Changes of the Human Facial Skeleton. Scientific Reports. 2023. Modern analysis of age-related skeletal changes affecting facial appearance. ([PMC][8])
The Facial Ageing Resource Centre has been developed by Dr Raj Menon using published anatomical and ageing research, clinical experience, and current concepts in facial assessment.
References below are provided for readers interested in exploring the underlying evidence in greater detail.
[1]: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17519724/"The fat compartments of the face: anatomy and clinical ..."
[2]: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22580543/ "Changes in the facial skeleton with aging"
[3]: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26441110/ "Aging Changes in the Craniofacial Skeleton and Facial ..."
[4]: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4174112/ "The Clinical Importance of the Fat Compartments in Midfacial ..."
[5]: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781118655412.ch65? "Facial anatomy and ageing"
[6]: https://scholarship.miami.edu/esploro/outputs/journalArticle/The-Facial-Fat-Compartments-Revisited-Clinical/991031757930502976? "The Facial Fat Compartments Revisited: Clinical Relevance to ..."
[7]: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00266-020-01823-x? "Changes in the Facial Skeleton With Aging: Implications and ..."
[8]: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10667279/ "Insight into age-related changes of the human facial skeleton ..."